Jammillah Nasser/BIOLOGY P1
Created on 16th January 2025
Grade level: Higher Educationth grade
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40 Questions
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Questions (40)
1. What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
4 choice options
2. Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype?
AA
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3. In a dihybrid cross, what is the phenotypic ratio expected in the F2 generation?
9:3:3:1
4 choice options
4. What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
Carries genetic information from DNA
4 choice options
5. What process results in the formation of gametes?
Meiosis
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6. Which of the following is a characteristic of recessive alleles?
Expressed only in homozygous condition
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7. What is the expected ratio of offspring phenotypes in a monohybrid cross?
3:1
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8. What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To predict the genotype and phenotype ratios of offspring
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9. Which type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide?
Point mutation
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10. What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?
Phenotype
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11. What is the basic unit of heredity in genetics?
Gene
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12. Which of the following best describes a homozygous genotype?
Two identical alleles for a trait
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13. In Mendelian genetics, what is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
3:1
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14. What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
Carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
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15. Which of the following is an example of codominance?
A black and white chicken producing speckled offspring
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16. What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Synthesize new DNA strands
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17. What is the expected genotypic ratio from a dihybrid cross?
9:3:3:1
4 choice options
18. Which process leads to genetic variation during meiosis?
Crossing over
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19. What is the primary function of the ribosome in a cell?
Translate mRNA into proteins
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20. Which type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Nonsense mutation
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21. What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross
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22. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
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23. What is the primary role of tRNA in translation?
Transport amino acids to the ribosome
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24. What is a key characteristic of an autosomal recessive trait?
It can skip generations
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25. Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
Uracil
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26. What is the significance of the 5' cap on mRNA?
It protects mRNA from degradation
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27. Which genetic engineering technique involves the use of a plasmid?
Gene cloning
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28. What is the role of introns in a gene?
They are non-coding regions that are removed from mRNA
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29. What does a karyotype display?
The number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell
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30. In genetic terms, what is pleiotropy?
One gene affecting multiple traits
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31. What is the function of the operator in an operon?
To bind repressors or activators that regulate gene expression
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32. Which of the following is a type of chromosomal mutation?
Deletion
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33. What role does the nucleus play in a eukaryotic cell?
Storage of genetic material
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34. What is the purpose of the restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
To cut DNA at specific sequences
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35. What is the expected genotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross?
1:2:1
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36. Which of the following inheritance patterns does not follow Mendelian principles?
Incomplete dominance
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37. What is the purpose of a test cross?
To determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype
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38. In the context of genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?
Different forms of a gene
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39. Which genetic concept explains why offspring have a mix of traits from both parents?
Independent assortment
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40. What is the expected phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
9:3:3:1
4 choice options